---------------------------------------------------------------------- (c)Kalok Corporation K-Board BBS 408-734-4258 300-14400 Baud, 8-N-1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- KL-3100 OEM Manual ----------------- This manual is in text format with the page length set to 60 lines per page. There are no printer or character codes for text highlighting or form feeds, though IBM line graphics are used that may appear as alternate characters if your printer is set up differently. To print-out with the correct formatting ensure your printer is set for 60 lines per page and that your printer supports IBM line graphics. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- O E M MANUAL KL3100 i 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲 � O E M M a n u a l � � � � Octagon II, KL3100 � � � � 3.5 inch Winchester Disk Drive � � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� The manual part number is 86009-001 A, 1991 Kalok Corporation, all Rights Reserved. Information provided herein is copyrighted. This document may not, in whole or part, be copied, photographed, translated, or reproduced in any form or by any means, electrical or mechanical, without prior written permission from Kalok Corporation. Kalok Corporation reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications. Trademarks: PC/AT and PC/XT are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. Kalok Octagon is a trademark of Kalok Corporation. O E M MANUAL KL3100 ii 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Contents Chapter 1 Introduction and Product Specifications Purpose and Scope..................................1-1 Typical Applications...............................1-1 General Description................................1-1 Key Features.......................................1-2 Product Specifications.............................1-3 Interface.......................................1-2 Storage Capacity................................1-2 Seek Time.......................................1-3 Rotation Speed, Latency, and Data Throughput....1-3 Functional Parameters...........................1-3 Environmental Specifications....................1-3 Power Requirements..............................1-4 Physical Parameters.............................1-4 Reliability Specifications......................1-4 Chapter 2 Interface and Basic Operation Introduction.......................................2-1 Mechanical Interface...............................2-1 Electrical Interface............................2-1 Connector Assignments and Functions.............2-2 AT/IDE Cable Connections........................2-3 Connecting Two Drives...........................2-3 Address Assignments.............................2-3 AT/IDE Task File Interface Signal Conventions...2-4 AT/IDE Task File Signal Descriptions............2-5 Power Supply Connections........................2-8 Basic Operating Modes of the KL3100................2-8 Power Up and Run Sequence.......................2-8 Reset..............................................2-8 Fault Condition....................................2-9 Command Execution..................................2-9 Drive Formatting...................................2-9 O E M MANUAL KL3100 iii 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Chapter 3 AT/IDE Task File Interface Commands and Registers General............................................3-1 Register Configuration.............................3-1 Bit Conventions....................................3-1 Command Environment................................3-1 Host Address Decoding..............................3-1 Register Descriptions..............................3-2 Data Register...................................3-2 Error Register..................................3-3 Write Precompensation Register..................3-3 Sector Count Register...........................3-3 Sector Number Register..........................3-3 Cylinder Low Register...........................3-3 Cylinder High Register..........................3-4 Drive/Head Register.............................3-7 Status Register.................................3-4 Command Register................................3-5 Alternate Status Register.......................3-7 Digital Output Register.........................3-7 Drive Address Register..........................3-7 Command Description................................3-8 Issuing the Command..............................3-8 Recalibrate......................................3-8 Read Sectors.....................................3-9 Write Sectors....................................3-9 Read Verify......................................3-10 Format Track.....................................3-10 Seek.............................................3-11 Execute Drive Diagnostics........................3-11 Initialize Drive Parameters......................3-11 Power Commands...................................3-12 Read Sector Buffer...............................3-12 Write Sector Buffer..............................3-12 Identify Drive...................................3-12 Command Error Reporting............................3-13 Reset..............................................3-14 Busy Operation.....................................3-15 Data Error Recovery and Retry......................3-15 Header Retry Algorithm.............................3-15 Command Protocols..................................3-15 Programmed I/O Data In Commands..................3-15 Programmed I/O Data Out Commands.................3-16 Non Data Commands................................3-16 Timing.............................................3-16 Deskewing........................................3-16 Timing Requirements..............................3-16 Chapter 4 Packing Information................................4-1 O E M MANUAL KL3100 iv 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Chapter 5 Drive and Host Adapter Installation Required Disk Subsystem Components.................5-1 Required Formatting/Partitioning Software..........5-1 Handling...........................................5-1 Host Adapter Configuration.........................5-2 Master/Slave Daisy-Chain Configurations............5-2 Cabling and Hardware Installation..................5-3 Formatting the KL3100/AT...........................5-4 Appendix A AT Drive Types Figures 1-1 Kalok Octagon KL3100 3.5-inch Winchester Disk Drive 1-2 1-2 Typical Disk Drive Applications with AT/IDE Systems 1-2 1-3 KL3100 Functional Block Diagram 1-5 2-1 KL3100 Mechanical Interface 2-1 2-2 KL3100 Electrical Interface 2-2 2-3 Octagon KL3100 Interface Connectors 2-2 2-4 Cabling for Multiple Drives 2-3 2-5 Octagon KL3100 Power/Jumper Diagram 2-4 2-6 AT/IDE 40 Pin Drive Control Interface 2-5 2-7 Power Up Sequence 2-9 2-8 Current Profile 2-9 2-9 KL3100 Disk Format Layout 2-9 2-10 KL3100 Cylinder/Head Skew Format 2-9 3-1 KL3100 AT/IDE Task File Registers 3-16 3-2 Reset Timing 3-16 3-3 Read and Write Command Timing 3-16 5-1 Jumper Settings and Cable Attachment for Host Adapter 5-5 5-2 Drive Jumpering for One and Two Disk Drive Systems 5-5 5-3 Kalok Mounting Brackets and Bezels 5-6 Tables 2-1 Connector Assignments 2-1 2-2 Interface Connector Part Numbers 2-2 2-3 Connector J1-Task File Interface Pin Assignments 2-5 2-4 Connector J2-Power Supply 2-4 3-1 Input/Output Port Addresses and Register Functions 3-2 3-2 Command Set Supported by the KL3100 3-6 3-3 Default Command Block Register Values 3-8 3-4 Drive Diagnostic Error Register Codes 3-11 3-5 Identify Drive Information 3-13 3-6 Command Errors and Register Contents 3-13 3-7 Initial Command Block Values After Reset 3-14 O E M MANUAL KL3100 v 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Notice to Users Kalok Corporation makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents herein, and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any purpose. The Kalok KL3100 AT/IDE disk drive has been designed to be compatible with the industry standard AT bus Attachment (ATA), or "Task File" interface for intelligent devices as defined by the Common Access Method (CAM) Committee. All aspects of the interface have not been totally standardized, and Kalok therefore reserves the right to revise this document and to make changes from time to time without obligation to notify any person of such revisions and changes. While every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided herein is correct, please notify us in the event of any errors. Please write your name, address, telephone number, and comments, and mail to the address given below. Include the product name, part number, and revision level of the document. �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 튚alok Corporation � �1289 Anvilwood Avenue � 튥unnyvale, CA. USA 94089 � �(408)747-1315 � 튍ttention: Marketing Department � 勁袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴攷 튥UPPORT � 튏omputer Bulletin Board 408 734-4258 � � 2400 through 300 baud, � � 1 stop bit, no parity � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 C h a p t e r 1 Introduction and Product specification 1.1 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Introduction and Product Specifications Purpose and Scope This manual describes the Kalok OCTAGON II, Model KL3100 3.5-inch Winchester hard disk drive. It illustrates applications using the KL3100 drive with an AT/IDE host adapter. The manual satisfies the needs of OEM engineers and computer system integrators. It contains the information needed to integrate the OCTAGON II KL3100 into a computer system. The manual focuses on the electrical and physical parameters, specifications, and the interface command set. Figure 1-1 illustrates the KL3100 disk drive. Typical Applications The KL3100 Winchester disk drive is a storage device for a computer system with the industry standard PC/AT or AT/IDE interface. This product is ideal for rugged applications. The KL3100 is a compact, lightweight, high capacity, and reliable disk drive. General Description The KL3100 has a formatted capacity of 105.2 megabytes. It uses a rotary band positioner driven by a bipolar stepper motor. The stepper has microstepping error recovery and a feedback sensor. The disk drive operates under the control of a microprocessor to position the read/write heads. The head positioning mechanism design assures that the thermal loops of the positioning system oppose each other. This results in extremely accurate head positioning over the entire operating range. The KL3100 has a magnetic fluid seal. This eliminates spindle motor bearing contamination. The recirculating filter at the periphery of the disks efficiently cleans the head/disk assembly (HDA) air. The filter traps entrained particles. A single printed circuit board (PCB) mounted beneath the HDA contains the electronics of the KL3100. The electronics accomplish the following functions: +Interpret and generate control signals +Move the read/write heads +Read and write data +Maintain the correct drive speed +Provide on-board diagnostics Up to two OCTAGON II KL3100 drives may be cabled to a single CPU/host adapter. They can be configured as master or slave. Power to the drives may be from a common power bus. The AT/IDE Task File intelligent drive interface requires a host adapter board. The host adapter allows installation of the drive in motherboards that do not have an embedded AT/IDE interface. Chapter 5 shows more detail. Figure 1-2 shows a typical multidrive application. Figure 1-3 shows the KL3100 PC/AT disk drive functional block diagram. C h a p t e r 1 Product specification 1.2 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Key Features +Simple design only 27 major components +Compact size 1.625" H x 4.00" W x 5.75" L +(41.3 x 101.6 x 146.1 mm.) +Lightweight 1.7 pounds (0.73 Kg.) +Temperature compensated positioner for accurate head positioning +Small, low-resistance biomedical air filtration for low contamination and longer life +Standard 32K Byte data buffer +Full PC/AT interface compatibility +24.2 msec average seek time +Diagnostic self test routines automatically executed at start-up +Supports Universal Translation 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 (UNABLE TO DOWNLOAD FIGURE) Figure 1-1 Kalok Octagon KL3100 3.5-inch Winchester Disk Drive 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 Figure 1-2 Typical Disk Drive Applications with AT/IDE Systems 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � Host � � mother board � 읕쩟쩟쩟쩡쩟쩟컴컴컴컴컴컴쩡� 쿌T/IDE HOST ADAPTER � �16 bit expansion slot � 읕컫컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컫컴� 40 pin AT/IDE Interface � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� �34 pin floppy interface � � 읕컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴커 旼컴컴좔컴컴컴커 旼컴컴좔컴컴컴� � � 쿓DD 0 - C: � 쿓DD 1 - D: � 旼컴좔컴� 旼컴좔컴커 쿖L3100 master � 쿖L3100 slave � 쿑DD 0 � � FDD 1 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴� 읕컴컴컴� 읕컴컴컴켸 HOST BUS ADAPTER AT/IDE interface application 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � Host � � � motherboard � � 읕컴컵컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컵컴컴� 40 pin AT/IDE Interface � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� �34 pin floppy interface � � 읕컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴커 旼컴컴좔컴컴컴커 旼컴컴좔컴컴컴� � � 쿓DD 0 - C: � 쿓DD 1 - D: � 旼컴좔컴� 旼컴좔컴커 쿖L3100 master � 쿖L3100 slave � 쿑DD 0 � � FDD 1 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴� 읕컴컴컴� 읕컴컴컴켸 Embedded AT/IDE interface application C h a p t e r 1 Product specification 1.3 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Product Specifications Interface컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 AT/IDE Task File Storage Capacity Unformatted컴컴컴컴� 120.34 megabytes Formatted 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 105.2 megabytes Cylinders컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 979 Sectors/track컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 35 Heads컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 6 Seek Time *** SEEK TIME WILL CHANGE IN THE NEXT VERSION OF FIRMWARE**** Single cylinder seek컴컴컴컴 5 msec One-third stroke seek컴컴컴� 25 msec True average seek컴컴컴컴컴� 25 msec Full stroke seek컴컴컴컴컴컴 50 msec Rotational Speed, Latency, and Data Throughput Average latency컴컴컴컴컴컴� 8.19 msec Rotational speed컴컴컴컴컴컴 3662 rpm +/-0.1% Data throughput: Burst rate컴컴컴컴컴컴 4.5 mb sec. Sustained rate컴컴컴컴 >700 kb sec. 60Kb block size Start/stop time컴컴컴� 5 sec. typical, 7 sec. max Drive ready컴컴컴컴컴� 12 sec. Functional Parameters Read/write heads컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 6 Disks컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 3 Buffer size컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 32 KB SRAM Recording code컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 2,7 RLL Instantaneous HDA bit rate컴컴컴 10.0 and 13.5 mb/sec. Interleave컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 1:1 Recording density컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 29,093 bits/inch @ID Flux density컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 19,395 Flux reversals/inch Track density컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 944 tracks per inch Actuator type컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Rotary stepper with feedback sensor and microstepping error recovery Environmental Specifications Acoustical noise컴컴컴컴컴컴 40 dBA @ 1 meter, steady-state no seek Temperature컫컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 10 to 55 C operating 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 -40 to 60 C nonoperating Gradient컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 20 C/hour max 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 no condensation Humidity컫컴operating컴컴컴� 8 to 80% RH, no condensation 쳐훞on operating컴� 5 to 90% RH, no condensation 읕훝aximum wet bulb 26 C Altitude컫컴operating컴컴컴� -1000 to 10,000 feet 읕훞on operating컴� -1000 to 30,000 feet Vibration컴쩡훟perating컴컴� 0.010" p-p, 5 to 22 hz � 0.25 G o-p, 23 to 500 hz � Sweep rate= 15 min./decade all axes 읕non operating컴 0.040"p-p, 5 to 22 hz 1.00 G o-p, 23 to 500 hz Sweep rate=15 min./decade all axes. Shock컴컫훟perating컴컴컴컴� 8 G o-p, all axes, 11 ms. half sine 읕non operating컴컴� 40 G o-p, all axes, 11 ms. half sine C h a p t e r 1 Product specification 1.4 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Power Requirements Power DC컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 +12.0 Volts, +5.00 Volts, +/- 5% Ripple noise, max컴컴컴� 200 mV. p-p for both +5 and+12 Ripple Freq, max컴컴컴컴 0-20 Mhz for both +5 and +12 +5V current컴컴컴컴컴컴� 0.29 Amps active/0.30 Amps idle +12V current컴컴컴컴컴컴 0.56 Amps Active/0.56 amps idle +12V @motor startup컴컴� 1.5 Amps for 3 sec. max. Power dissipation컴컴컴� 10.4 Watts Active, 8.2 Watts idle Physical Parameters Dimensions, HxWxL컴컴컴� 1.625 x 4.00 x 5.75 Weight컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 1.7 pounds(0.77 Kg.) Mounting Requirements컴� any orientation, 0.040" min. clearance Reliability Specifications Mean time between failures컴컴컴컴컴� 50,000 hours Mean time to repair컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 5 minutes typical Preventive maintenance컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� none Service life컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 6 years Error rates: Hard 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 1 per 10 ^12 bits read, max. Soft컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 1 per 10 ^10 bits read, max. Seek컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 1 per 10 ^6 seeks, max Hard errors/drive컴컴� 50 max internal, 0 apparent to the user Note: The KL3100 meets Performance specifications within operating conditions. No permanent damage or loss of data incurs at non-operating conditions. C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.1 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Interface and Basic Operation Introduction This chapter describes the mechanical and electrical interfaces of the OCTAGON II KL3100, and the basic operating modes of the device. Mechanical Interface Figure 2-1 shows the mechanical interface of the KL3100. The drive may mount in any position. There are sixteen mounting holes provided in the drive chassis for installation. Eight of these holes accept M4 metric screws. The remaining 8 accept #6-32 machine screws. Penetration of any screw into the drive mounting brackets must not exceed 0.13 inches (3.3mm). Badly warped or nonplanar mounting surfaces may distort the drive. Cooling, whether by air convection or fan, must be enough to keep the drive within the required temperature range. The installation must provide 0.04 inches minimum clearance around the drive. This allows for cooling, shock and vibration sway space, and easy installation and removal. Refer to Chapter 1 for environmental limits. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 (UNABLE TO DOWNLOAD THIS FIGURE) Dimensions in brackets are in millimeters. Unless otherwise specified, dimentions outside the brackets are in inches. Figure 2-1 Mechanical Interface for the KL3100. C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.2 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� (UNABLE TO DOWNLOAD THIS FIGURE) Figure 2-2 Electrical Interface Connector Assignments and Functions Table 2-1 Connector assignments and functions. Connector Assignments Connector Description J1 AT/IDE 40-Pin Connector J2 4-Pin DC Power Connector J3 Read/Write Connector J4 Stepper Motor Connector J5 Spindle Motor Connector J7 LED connector pins J8 HDA Ground spade lug Note: The KL3100 drive +5 Volt return, +12 Volt return, PCB grounds and the HDA enclosure are electrically the same. J8 is a quick disconnect tab made available to attach system ground to the HDA. The drive mounting brackets mechanically float the HDA. J1, J2, and J8 require three types of connectors for the KL3100 electrical interface to the host computer system. C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.3 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Table 2-2: Interface Connector Part Numbers Kalok recommends the following types or their equivalents. Name Part Number P1: AT/IDE Task File (40-pin) Molex 40312 or 3M 3417 P2: Power Supply (4-pin) Molex 8981-4P housing Molex 8980-3 contacts AMP 1-480424-0 housing AMP 60617 contacts P8: Drive HDA ground (1-pin) Molex 187 quick disconnect AMP 62137 quick disconnect Install a Plug to Pin 20 on P1. This will prevent an incorrect connection of J1 and P1. Removal of pin 20 of J1 is an industry standard form. Figure 2-3 shows J1, J2, and Jumper Block connector measurements. Figure 2-3 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴 Octagon II KL3100 Interface Connectors pin 39 pin 1 � � o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o - o o o o o o o o o � � � pin 40 polarizing pin 2 feature J1 AT/IDE Cable Connections 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴 Octagon II KL3100 Interface Connectors 컴컴컴컴컴컴횾횮횭OARD컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 컴컴쩡컴컴쩡쩡컴컴쩡컴컴컫컴컴컴컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴� 읒좋좋� 읒좋좋� � 4 3 2 1 � COMPONENET SIDE � O O O O � OF THE PC BOARD � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴켸 J2 Connector power 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴 Octagon II KL3100 Interface Connectors 旼컴컴컴횾횮횭oard컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 읕컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴컴컴쩡컴컫컴컴컫컴쩡컴컴쩡컴컴 � o o o o o � 읒좋좋� 읒좋좋� � S M S R � COMPONENET SIDE � L A / � OF THE PC BOARD � A S T T � 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � V T � 쿞T and R/T are used for tests � � E E � 쿭uring manufacturing and test.� � R � 쿟hese jumpers should not � � o o o o o � 쿫e installed. � 읕컴컵컴탠컴컴컴� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 SLAVE컴컴컴� 읕컴횺ASTER Jumper Block Configuration 袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴 C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.4 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� AT/IDE CABLE CONNECTIONS Cable connections between the host adapter or the host system should use 28 AWG stranded flat cable, 3M 3365-40, or equivalent. The cable length should not exceed 2 feet. Chapter 5 clarifies the Drive and drive cable installation procedure. CONNECTING TWO DRIVES Figure 2-4 shows the host system and the drive cabled for two drives. ADDRESS ASSIGNMENTS An individual drive may have a logical address of 0 or 1. Drive 0 is the only drive for single drive installations. For dual drive installations, Drive 0 is the MASTER drive and Drive 1 is the SLAVE drive. The Jumper Block connector determines the drive logical address. Adding jumpers to the Jumper Block must follow the guidelines listed below. Figures 2-5 and 5-2 illustrate Jumper Block jumpers. SINGLE DRIVE INSTALLATION 1. The Jumper Block connector needs no jumpers for a single drive installation. The factory supplied jumper is across the top outside pins. These pins are ground in the jumper block. The exception is the top pin of pin pair R/T. Installing the jumper in this position is connecting two ground pins. This selects a single drive installation. DUAL DRIVE INSTALLATION 2. For a dual drive installation, one drive must be the master and one must be the slave. Installing a jumper on pin pair Master selects the MASTER drive. This selects logical drive 0(C:). Installing a jumper on pin pair Slave selects the SLAVE drive. Slave selects logical drive 1(D:). Either drive can be a master or a slave. There cannot be 2 masters or 2 slaves. The position of the master and the slave drive on the interface cable, is not important. The Jumper Block should have only one jumper installed per drive. Chapter 5 explains the jumper settings in more detail. Commands and data information passes on the common 40-pin AT/IDE cable. This information is present to both hard disk drives. This places a requirement to discriminate between the two drives. You must use the DRV bit in the Drive/Head (DH) register when issuing commands to the drives. Section 3.3.8 gives more details on drive selection using programmed I/O. Figure 2-4 Cabling for Multiple Drives 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�40 PIN CABLE 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � AT/IDE 쳐컴컴컴커 J2 튙umper block=Master� � HOST ADAPTER � � 旼컴컴� � � 悶 旼컴컴컴켸 � � J1 쿘ASTER C: � 읒좋牡좋좋줄 쳐캤컴컴캑KL3100 DRIVE 0 � 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � POWER SUPPLY 쳐컴컴컴캤컴� � 쳐컴컴컴캤커 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � +12 & +5 VOLTS DC � � � J2 튙umper block=Slave� � � � 읕컴컴캑 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � J1 쿞LAVE D: � 읕컴컴컴캑KL3100 DRIVE 1 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.5 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Octagon II KL3100 Power/Jumper Diagram 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴커 旼컴컴� � +5 vdc컴탠컴컴컴컴컴컴컵컴� 4� � 旼컴탠컴컴컴컴컴컴컵커 3� � DC GRND컨컴컵컴컴컴컴컴컴컴탠좔 2� � +12 vdc컵컴컴컴컴컴컴컴탠컴�1� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 읕컴컴� POWER INTERFACE 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 旼컴컴컴컴컴커 컴텀컴R/T컴컴� 탠훃SED IN MANUFACTURING ground컫컴텀컴ST컴컴켠 탠훃SED IN MANUFACTURING 쳐컵爐횺ASTER켠 탠횺aster 쳐컵爐훁LAVE컴� 탠훁lave 읕컵爐횼C컴컴켠 탠훞o connection 읕컴컴컴컴컴켸 KL3100 Jumper Block pin pair jumper selections 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Figure 2-5 AT/IDE Task File Interface Signal Conventions The Host interface is the interface between the drive host adapter and the drive. The Task File is the set of registers in the I/O space of the Host. All signals on the Host Interface have the prefix HOST. All negatively active signals have prefix the -. All positive active signals have prefix the +, or have no prefix. Host Signals are 0 or outbound. Drive signals are inbound or I. See Table 2-3 and Figure 2-6 for J1 connector pin assignments. An asserted signal drives high or low by an active circuit, or a pull up/down to the correct state by the bias circuitry. All drive outputs are tri-state drivers. All drive control output signals are an unbalanced true when low. The unselected drive is in the high-impedance state. All signal levels are TTL compatible unless noted. A logic 1 is >2.0 volts. A logic 0 is from 0.0 volts to 0.7 volts. Listed are control signals asserted for one function when high and asserted 21 for another function when low. A slash character (/)separates their two function names. Example, -HOST SLV/ACT. C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.6 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Table 2-3 Connector J1 - Task File Interface Pin Assignments I/O Pin Signal � I/O Pin Signal 01 -HOST RESET � 02 GND 03 +HOST DATA 7 � 04 +HOST DATA 8 05 +HOST DATA 6 � 06 +HOST DATA 9 07 +HOST DATA 5 � 08 +HOST DATA 10 09 +HOST DATA 4 � 10 +HOST DATA 11 11 +HOST DATA 3 � 12 +HOST DATA 12 13 +HOST DATA 2 � 14 +HOST DATA 13 15 +HOST DATA 1 � 16 +HOST DATA 14 17 +HOST DATA 0 � 18 +HOST DATA 15 19 GND � 20 KEY 21 RESERVED � 22 GND 23 -HOST IOW � 24 GND 25 -HOST IOR � 26 GND 27 +IO CH RDY � 28 +HOST ALE (not used) 29 RESERVED � 30 GND 31 +HOST IRQ14 � 32 -HOST IOCS16 33 +HOST ADDR 1 � 34 -HOST PDIAG 35 +HOST ADDR 0 � 36 +HOST ADDR 2 37 -HOST CS0 � 38 -HOST CS1 39 -HOST SLV/ACT� 40 GND 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴좔컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� (unable to download this figure) Figure 2-6 AT/IDE 40 Pin Drive Control Interface C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.7 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 AT/IDE Task File Signal Descriptions Signal Name DIR Pins Description -HOST RESET O 01 Host Hardware Reset. Reset signal from the Host system is active low for at least 25 usec during Power On. Reset is then inactive. GND O 02 Ground: Drive - Host. +HOST DATA I/O 03-18 Data Bus. Host data is an 8/16-bit bi-directional 0-15 data bus between the Host and the drive. The lower 8 bits, 0-7 are for register and ECC access. All 16 bits are for data buffer transfers. These are tri- state lines with 24 mA drive capability. GND O 19 Ground: Drive - Host. KEY N/C 20 Alignment Key. An unused pin clipped on the drive and plugged on the cable. Used to guarantee correct orientation of the cable. RESERVED N/C 21 Reserved for future use. GND O 22 Ground: Drive - Host. -HOST IOW O 23 Write Strobe. The rising edge clocks data from the Host data bus, +HOST DATA 0-7, or +HOST DATA 0-15, into a register or the data port of the drive. GND O 24 Ground: Drive - Host. -HOST IOR O 25 Read Strobe. The falling edge enables data from a register or the data port of the drive to the Host data bus.(+HOST DATA 0-7 or +HOST DATA 0-15). The rising edge enables data from -HOST IOR latches data from the drive at the Host. GND O 26 Ground: Drive - Host. +IO CH RDY O 27 I/O Channel Ready. This 24 mA output signal, is active(low) to lengthen an I/O data cycle. This signal is only active during word mode data transfers at I/O address 1F0(170) if data is not available. +HOST ALE O 28 Host Address Latch Enable. This signal is unused. NOT USED N/C 29 Reserved for future use. GND O 30 Ground: Drive - Host +HOST IRQ14 I 31 Host Interrupt. When the drive CPU has a pending interrupt, the Host clears the -IEN bit to 0 in the Digital Output register and the drive is selected. The drive CPU sets the +HOST IRQ14 line, which sets the interrupt. +HOST IRQ14 resets to zero when the Host reads the Status register, writes to the Command register, asserts -HOST RESET on the inter- face, or sets the SRST bit in the Digital Output register (Section 3.3.12). C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.8 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Signal Name DIR Pins Description +HOST IRQ14 I 31 On programmed I/O transfers, +HOST IRQ14 is active (cont) at the beginning of each data block transfer. An exception occurs on Format Track, Write Sector(s), Write Buffer, and Write Long Commands. -HOST IOCS16 I 32 16 Bit Word Indicator. Shows the Host system that the 16-bit data register is active. The drive will send or receive a 16-bit data word. if not active, the lower 8-bits of +HOST DATA 0-7 complete the transfers. If -HOST IOCS16 is acive, transfers are 16-bit data transfers using +HOST DATA 0-15. +HOST ADDR 1 O 33 Address Line 1(2 of 3). Binary coded address used to select a register or the data port in the task file. -HOST PDIAG I 34 Slave Drive Diagnostic. Passed diagnostic. Output by the drive if it is a slave drive. Input to the drive if it is the master drive. This low true signal shows to the master that the slave has passed its internal diagnostic command. This line is only inactive (high) during execution of the diagnostic command. Following a hardware or software reset, the slave drive (Drive 1) shall negate -HOST PDIAG. This signal is active within 1 msec to show the master (Drive 0) that it is busy (BSY bit = 1 in the Status register). Drive 1 then asserts -HOST PDIAG within 30 seconds to show that it is no longer busy (BSY = 0). Then Drive 1 can provide status. After the assertion of -HOST PDIAG, Drive 1 may be unable to accept commands until it has finished the reset procedure and is ready as indicated by DRDY = 1 in the Status register. Following the receipt of a valid Execute Drive Diagnostics command. Drive 1 shall negate -HOST PDIAG within 1 msec. This shows Drive 0 that it is busy and has not yet passed its drive diagnostics. If Drive 1 is present, then Drive 0 shall wait for up to 5 seconds from the receipt of a valid Execute Drive Diagnostics command for Drive 1 to assert -HOST PDIAG. Drive 1 should clear the BSY bit before asserting -HOST PDIAG. The -HOST PDIAG signal shows that Drive 1 has passed its diagnostics and is ready to supply status. If -HOST SLV/ACT was not active, by Drive 1 during reset initialization, Drive 0 shall report its own status after it completes diagnostics. Drive 0 may be unable to accept commands until it has finished its reset procedure and is ready (DRDY bit = 1). This line is tri-state with 24 mA drive capability. +HOST ADDR 0 O 35 Address Line 0(1 of 3). Binary coded address used to select a register or the data port in the task file. +HOST ADDR 2 O 36 Address Line 2 (3 of 3). Binary coded address used to select a register or the data port in the task file. C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.9 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Signal Name DIR Pins Description -HOST CS0 O 37 Chip Select (1 of 2). Chip select decoded from the Host address bus. Used to select the Host accessible Command Block registers. -HOST CS1 O 38 Chip Select (2 of 2). Chip select decoded from the Host address bus. Used to select the Host accessible Control Block registers. -HOST SLV/ACT I 39 Slave/Activity Signal. This is an open drain 24 mA signal. If the drive is a Master drive, and -HOST SLV/ACT active (low) during the Diagnostic command, a slave drive is present. If not active (high), there is no activity. If the drive is a Slave, -HOST SLV/ACT is always output to show that the slave drive is busy. GND O 40 Ground: Drive - Host. Power Supply Connections The drive receives power thru the J2 4-pin connector. Table 2-4 and Figure 2-5 shows the pinout of J2. Follow the restrictions shown below when applying power to the KL3100. 1. The 5-volt and 12-volt power supplies must be able to maintain the necessary specifications. Measure the voltage and ripple with a 12 ohm load. 2. During the first 4 seconds, the 12-volt supply must maintain these specifications with a 4.8 ohm resistive load. 3. During operation, the voltage supplied to the drive must not exceed the specified tolerance of +/-5%. Table 2-4 쿎onnector J2 - Power Supply � 쿛in Number Voltage � � 1 +12 V DC � � 2 12 V DC Return � � 3 5 V DC Return � � 4 +5 V DC � Basic Operating Modes of the KL3100 Power Up and Run Sequence After DC power on, it takes about 5 seconds for the drive to come to speed. Figures 2-7 and 2-8 show the power-up sequence and the typical steady-state current values. When the drive is active and executing a command, the typical power dissipation will be 10.0-10.4 Watts. When the drive is not busy, the idle power dissipation will be 8.0-8.2 Watts. The idle state does not affect the spindle motor, and the drive is ready to respond immediately to a command when in the idle mode. Reset The Reset condition allows the drive to initialize. Hardware and software resets generate A Reset condition. There are two types of hardware resets. Reset from the Host via the interface -HOST RESET line, and reset from the drive power on reset circuitry. The third reset is software generated. Section 3.6 Details RESET. C h a p t e r 2 Interface and Basic Operation 2.10 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Fault Condition The drive will come up with a fault if any of the following conditions occur. 1. Self test routine failed. 2. Spindle motor not spinning. 3. Spindle motor speed out of regulation. The drive LED will blink to show a fault condition. The -HOST SLV/ACT signal controls the drive LED. Command Execution The KL3100 has a broad range of programmed input/output commands for identifying and setting drive parameters. These commands are, seeking, reading and writing, identifying error conditions, etc. Chapter 3 describes these commands in detail, and gives typical protocol and timing requirements. Drive Formatting The KL3100 is factory formatted using the format layout shown in Figure 2-9. The KL3100/AT drive uses cylinder/head skewing to improve data throughput performance. Figure 2-10 illustrates The cylinder/head skewing format. The format and skewing features of the drive are transparent to the user. Altering the Format during use is not possible. Figure 2-7 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� DC � on컴컴컴컴켸 .<컴7 sec max컴>旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� disk . � up to . � speed컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� ready <컴컴컴컴컴컴컴12 sec max컴컴>� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Power Up Sequence 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Figure 2-8 Current Profile (unable to download this figure) C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.1 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� AT/IDE Task File Interface Commands and Registers General This chapter describes the KL3100 registers and commands. There are 11 physical registers grouped into a Command Block of 9 registers, and a Control Block of 2 registers. Register Configuration Figure 3-1 shows the register configuration for the KL3100 drive. There are 11 addressable registers. These 11 registers are selectable using the +HOST ADDR 0-2, -HOST CS 0-1, and -HOST IOCS16 lines. Figure 3-1 shows the read and the write functions of the AT Host Data Bus. This differentiates between the use of the Read and Write registers. The Drive Address register is read only. It does not have a dual usage. Asserting -HOST IOR enables the registers as read registers with the functions shown on the left side of Figure 3-1. Asserting -HOST IOW enables them as write registers with the functions shown on the right side of Figure 3-1. There are 2 Data registers for 8-bit or 16-bit operations. Data transfers from the low byte of the Data register during 1 byte transfers. An asserted -HOST IOCS16 signal on the interface, shows that both Data registers are active for a total of 2 bytes. The drive buffer RAM is 1 byte wide. Transfer of data between the RAM and the Data Registers takes two memory cycles of 180 ns/cycle for 16- bit data transfers. Bit Conventions Each bit in the Task File registers obeys the following standard convention: True Asserted Bit=1=high -Bit=0=low False Negated Bit=0=low -Bit=1=high Command Environment The host computer programs the KL3100 AT/IDE Task File interface drive. The drive performs commands and returns status to the host after command execution. When two drives (master & slave) are on the interface, commands write in parallel to both drives. The selected drive executes the command. The applicable interface lines of the unselected drive are in the tri-state condition to avoid bus contention. An exception to this rule is the Execute Diagnostics command. When the host issues Execute Diagnostics command, both drives execute the command. Drive 1 reports status to drive 0 via the -HOST PDIAG line. The DRV bit and the jumpers installed on the Jumper block connector select the Drive. DRV is in the Drive/Head (DH) register. Figure 5-2 shows the jumper configuration. DRV bit = 0, selects Drive 0. DRV bit = 1, selects Drive 1. In a single drive installation, DRV = 0. Host Address Decoding The Host addresses the drive using programmed I/O. Commands and status to the drive, use the Command Block registers. Control and alternate status use the Control Block registers. Selection of a register requires the following sequence: 1. The Host selects the desired register address through the three Host address lines +HOST ADDR 2, +HOST ADDR 1, and +HOST ADDR 0. 2. The Host selects the desired chip select signals -HOST CS1 and -HOST CS0. 3. The Host selects the strobe signals -HOST IOR or -HOST IOW. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.2 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� The Host generates two independent chip select signals on the interface. The high order chip select signal is -HOST CS1. -HOST CS1 is valid only when the Host is addressing three separate register addresses. These registers are alternate status register, digital output register, and drive address register. The low order chip select is -HOST CS0. All other registers use -HOST CS0 for addressing. When -HOST IOCS16 enable is active and the Host is addressing the data register the Host data bus lines +HOST DATA 15 thru +HOST DATA 8 are active. The transfer of the ECC bytes occurs only if the operation is a read or write long. The following I/O map defines all the register addresses and functions for these I/O locations. Table 3-1 below is a brief description of each register. Table 3-1 Input/Output Port Addresses and Register Functions Address Function -HOST CS +HOST ADDR -HOST IOR = True -HOST IOW = True 1 0 2 1 0 Read Write 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Addresses that are invalid or not used 0 0 X X X Invalid address Invalid address 1 1 X X X No operation No operation Addresses for Command Block Registers 1 0 0 0 0 Data register Data register 1 0 0 0 1 Error register Precomp cylinder 1 0 0 1 0 Sector count Sector count 1 0 0 1 1 Sector number Sector number 1 0 1 0 0 Cylinder low Cylinder low 1 0 1 0 1 Cylinder high Cylinder high 1 0 1 1 0 Drive/head Drive/head 1 0 1 1 1 Status register Command register Addresses for Control Block Registers 0 1 0 X X High impedance Not used 0 1 1 0 X High impedance Not used 0 1 1 1 0 Alternate status Digital output 0 1 1 1 1 Drive address Not used X means don't care. Register Descriptions The following register descriptions treat the unused bits as "don't care." The unused read bits are zeros. Data Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 000, Read or Write The data register passes all device data between the host and the drive's data buffer. During format commands the sector table moves to the data register. The Identify command then reads identify parameters from the data buffer. All transfers are high speed 16-bit I/O operations. The exception to 16 bit transfers is the ECC bytes. These bytes transfer during R/W long commands. The ECC bytes are 8-bit operations that occur after the data transfer. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.3 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Error Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 001, Read Only The error register contains status of the last command executed by the drive. When the error bit sets in the Status register the contents of this register is valid. After the power up and execution of diagnostics is complete, this register contains the error status code. Shown below is the bit definition of the error register. Error Register Bit Definitions Bit 7 � 6 � 5 � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1 � 0 BBK � UNC � 00 � IDNF � 00 � ABRT � TK0 � AMNF Bit Descriptions BBK shows the detection of a bad block in the ID field of the requested sector. UNC shows a non-correctable data error. IDNF shows the ID field of the requested sector not found. ABRT shows an aborted command due to a drive status error, or because the command code is invalid. TK0 shows track 0 not found during a recalibrate command. 00 Not used. These bits are 0. AMNF shows data address mark not found after finding the correct ID field. Write Precompensation Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 001, Write Only This register unused in the KL3100. Sector Count Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 010, Read or Write This register holds the number of sectors of data to read/write. If the value in this register is zero, the count is 256 sectors. This count decrements with each sector read. This register contains the number of sectors left to access if there is an error in a multi-sector operation. If this register is zero at command completion, the command was successful. If not successfully completed, the register contains the number of sectors left to transfer to complete the original request. This register also defines the number of sectors per track when executing an initialize drive parameters command. Sector Number Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 011, Read or Write This register contains the starting sector for disk access. The sector number may be from 1 to the maximum number of sectors per track. This register updates at the completion of each sector to reflect the last sector read correctly. If there is an error, this register shows the sector that the error occurred. During multiple sector transfers, this register updates to point at the next sector. Cylinder Low Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 100, Read or Write This register contains the low order 8-bits of the starting cylinder number for any disk access. This register updates at the completion of each sector and after the command to reflect the current cylinder number. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.4 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Cylinder High Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 101, Read or Write This register contains the two high order bits of the starting cylinder number for any disk access. This register updates at the completion of each sector and after the command to reflect the current cylinder number. Drive/Head Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 110, Read or Write This register contains the drive and head numbers as described below. Drive/Head (DH) Register Bit Definitions Bit 7 � 6 � 5 � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1 � 0 1 � 0 � 1 � DRV � HEAD � HEAD � HEAD � HEAD Bit Descriptions BITS 7 THROUGH 5 These bits set as 101 shows above. DRV This is a binary drive select number. When bit 4 is 0, the selection is a master. When bit 4 is 1, the selection is a slave. HEAD This is the 4-bit binary encoded head select number. At the completion of each sector, and after the command, this register updates to reflect the selected head. Status Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 111, Read Only This register contains the drive/controller status. The contents of the register updates at the completion of each command. If the busy bit is active, no other bits are valid. Reading this register by the Host, when an interrupt is pending, is an interrupt acknowledge. Whenever this register reads any pending interrupts clear. Shown below is a Description of the register bits. Status Register Bit Definitions Bit 7 � 6 � 5 � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1 � 0 BSY � DRDY � DWF � DSC � DRQ � CORR � DX � ERR Bit Descriptions BSY The busy bit is active whenever the drive has access to the Command Block registers. The Host cannot access the Command Block registers. BSY is active under the following circumstances: 1. Within 400 ns after activation of the -HOST RESET line in the interface, or at the activation of the software bit in the digital output register. 2. Within 400 ns of a Host write of the Command register with a read, read long, read buffer, seek recal, initialize drive parameters, verify, identify, or diagnostic command. 3. Within 5 usec following transfer of 512 bytes of data after Host write of the Command register with a write, format track, or write buffer command, or 512 bytes of data and the four ECC bytes after a Host write of the command register with a write long command. When BSY is active, any Host read of a Task File register inhibits read and the status register reads instead. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.5 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Bit Descriptions DRDY This bit shows the drive is ready condition. When there is an error, this bit cannot change until the Host reads the Status register. After the Host reads DRDY, the bit again reflects the ready status of the drive. The DRDY bit is inactive at power up. It remains inactive until the drive is up to speed and ready to accept a command. DWF This is the drive write fault line. This bit is active when the drive heads are over a track. When there is an error, this bit remains unchanged until the Host reads the Status register. After the Host reads DWF, DWF shows the current write fault status. DSC This is the drive seek complete bit. DSC shows that the drive is ready for transfer of a word or byte of data between the Host and the Data register. When there is an error, this bit remains unchanged until the Host reads the Status Register. After reading DSC by the Host, DSC shows again the current seek complete status. DRQ This is the Data Request bit. DRQ shows that the drive is ready for transfer of a word or byte of data between the host and the data port. CORR This is the corrected data bit. CORR is active, when a drive finds a detected and corrected data error. This condition does not end a multi-sector read operation. IDX This is the index bit that is active twice per disk revolution. ERR This is the error bit. ERR shows that the previous command ended in an error. Other bits in the Status register and bits in the Error register have more Information about the cause of the error. You must read the Status register and the other bits in the Error register. Command Register -HOST CS = 10, +HOST ADDR = 111, Write Only The 8-bit code written to this register passes the command from the Host to the drive. Command execution starts immediately after this register writes. Described below is a list of executable commands supported by the KL3100. Table 3-2, shows the command codes and necessary parameters for each command as well. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.6 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Table 3-2 Command Set Supported by the KL3100 Command Code Bit Parameters Used Command Name 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SC SN CY SDH Recalibrate 0 0 0 1 X X X X N N N D Read Sector(s) 0 0 1 0 0 0 L R Y Y Y Y Write Sector(s) 0 0 1 1 0 0 L R Y Y Y Y Read Verify Sector(s) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 R Y Y Y Y Format track 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 Y N Y Y Seek 0 1 1 1 X X X X N Y Y Y Set Features 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 Y N N D Set Sleep Mode 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 N N N D Exec Drive Diagnostic 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 N N N D Initialize Drive Params 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Y N N Y Read Buffer 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 N N N D Write Buffer 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 N N N D Write Verify 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 N Y Y Y Identify Drive 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 N N N D For the command decode, the 1's and 0's are important. Failure to comply may result in an Aborted Command response or misinterpretation of the command. Bit Descriptions SC-Sector count register SN-Sector number register CY-Cylinder register SDH-Drive/head register L-This is the long bit. L = 1 enables R/W long commands. L = 0 enables normal R/W commands. R-This is the retry bit. R = 0 enables retry. R = 1 disables retry. Enable/disable of Retry on ECC and data errors is typical usage. At the start of a command with retry = 1(disabled), retry is automatically =0 (enabled after the command). Y-Shows that the register contains a valid parameter for this command. Y means that both the drive and head parameters use the drive/head/sector register. N-Shows that the register does not contain a valid parameter for this command. D-Shows that Only the drive parameter is valid, not the head parameter. X-Don't care. Command Set not Supported by the KL3100 Check Power Mode Standby Idle Standby Immediate Idle Immediate Write DMA(w/retry) Read DMA(w/retry) Write DMA(w/o retry) Read DMA(w/o retry) Write Multiple Read Multiple Write Same Set Multiple Mode Vendor Unique These Commands are optional commands as specified in the CAM specification. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.7 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Alternate Status Register -HOST CS = 01, +HOST ADDR = 110, Read Only This register contains the same information as the Status register in the Task File. Except that reading this register does not imply interrupt knowledge to reset a pending interrupt. Alternate Status Register Bit Definitions Bit 7 � 6 � 5 � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1 � 0 BSY � DRDY � DWF � DSC � DRQ � CORR � IDX � ERR See status register for details. Digital Output Register -HOST CS = 01, +HOST ADDR = 110, Write Only This register has two bits as described below. Digital Output Register Bit Definitions Bit 7 � 6 � 5 � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1 � 0 - � - � - � - � - � SRST � -IEN � - Bit Descriptions SRST-This is the Host software reset bit. The drive stays reset when this bit is active. When this bit is inactive the drive is active. If two drives are on the interface, this bit will reset both drives simultaneously. -IEN-This is the enable bit for the disk drive interrupt to the Host. When -IEN and a selected drive is active, the Host interrupt, -HOST IRQ14 drives through a tri-state buffer to the Host. When this bit is inactive, or drive unselected, the -HOST IRQ14 pin will be in a high impedance state despite the presence or absence of a pending interrupt. - Unused bits Drive Address Register -HOST CS = 01, +HOST ADDR = 111, Read Only This register loops back the drive select and head select addresses of the currently selected drive. Shown below are Descriptions of the bits in this register. Drive Address Register Bit Definitions Bit 7 � 6 � 5 � 4 � 3 � 2 � 1 � 0 Unused� -WTG � -HS3 � -HS2 � -HS1 � -HS0 � -DS1 � -DS0 Bit Descriptions Unused A reserved bit. It is unused by the drive. When the Host reads the drive address register, this bit must be in a high impedance state. Bit 7 lacks drive for compatibility with the floppy address space. If your system needs bit 7, you must drive this bit, when using this register. -WTG This is the write gate bit. WTG asserts when writing to the disk drive is in progress. -HS3 These are the one's complement of the binary coded address of the to currently selected head. -HS3 is the most significant bit. -HS0 KL3100 6 HEAD Example: -HS3 -HS2 -HS1 -HS0 HEAD 1 1 1 1 = 0 1 1 1 1 = 1 1 1 0 0 = 2 1 1 0 0 = 3 1 0 1 1 = 4 1 0 1 0 = 5 -DS1 -DS1 is the select bit for drive 1. When the Host selects drive 1, and -DS1 is active. When the Host selects drive 0, -DS0 is active -DS0 -DS0 = 0. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.8 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Command Description Commands decode from the Command Register. The Host computer programs the Host interface to perform commands. The interface returns status to the Host at command completion. When two drives are on the interface, commands write in parallel to both drives. Only the selected drive will execute the command. The exception is the diagnostic command. Then, both drives execute the command. The slave drive reports its status to the master drive via the -HOST PDIAG signal. Selection of Drives is by the DRV bit in the drive/head register and by a jumper. The jumpers are pins pairs master or slave on drive connector Jumper block. This selects the drive as a master (Drive 0) or a slave (Drive 1). The master drive selects when the DRV bit resets. The slave drive selects when the DRV bit sets. Install the jumpers as the master and the other drive as the slave, when two drives present on the bus. When a single drive connects to the interface, a jumper should not be installed, and the drive is Drive 0. Issuing the Command To issue a command, load the pertinent registers in the Command Block, activate the interrupt enable bit -IEN in the Digital Output register, and write the command code to the Command register. Writing to the command register starts execution of the command. The command sequence assumes that the drive is not busy (BSY=0). Command acceptance varies by the class of the command. The Kalok KL3100 has two classes of commands: Class 1: The drive sets BSY within 400 ns. Class 2: The drive sets BSY within 400 ns. Then it sets up the sector buffer for a write operation, sets DRQ within 700 us, and clears BSY within 400 ns of setting DRQ. Recalibrate - 0001XXXX (1Xh) Class 1 This command moves the R/W heads from anywhere on the disk to cylinder 0. Upon receipt of the command, the drive sets BSY and executes a seek to cylinder 0. The drive then waits for the seek to complete before updating Status, resetting BSY and generating an interrupt. If the drive cannot reach cylinder 0, the error bit sets in the Status register and the track 0 bit sets in the error register. If the drive is not spinning or is not on track, The drive responds with an aborted command. Upon successful completion of the command, the Task File registers will be as follows: Table 3-3 Default Command Block Register Values Error register 00h Sector count Unchanged Sector number Unchanged Cylinder low 00h Cylinder high 00h SDH Unchanged C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.9 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Read Sectors - 001000LR (20h Normal Read) Class 1 This command reads 1 to 256 sectors as specified in the Command Block. It begins at the specified sector. The long bit L = 0 for a normal read. Sector count equal to 0 requests 256 sectors. When writing to the command register, the drive sets the BSY bit and begins execution of the command. An aborted command sets if bits 2 and 3 are not equal to zero. An ID not found error returns if a user sends incorrect task file parameters. If the drive is not already on the desired track, it performs an implied seek. Once at the desired track, the drive begins searching for the correct ID field. If the ID reads correctly, the data field reads into the sector buffer. If an error occurs, error bits will set. Then the DRQ bit in the Status register sets and generates an interrupt. The DRQ bit always sets despite the presence or absence of an error condition. The Task File registers contain the cylinder, head, and the sector number of the last sector read. After this command executes successfully, the sector count is zero. Multiple sector reads set DRQ and generate an interrupt. Interrupts generate when the sector buffer is full at the completion of each sector and the drive is ready for the Host to read data. DRQ resets and BSY sets immediately when the Host empties the sector buffer. If an error occurs during multiple sector read, the read will end at the sector where the error occurs. The Host may then read the Task File to find what error has occurred, and on what sector. If the error was either a correctable data error, or a non-correctable data error, the flawed data loads into the sector buffer. The read does not end if the error was a correctable data error. If the cylinder, head, and sector registers detects no error, they update to point to the next sequential sector. A read long executes by setting the long bit L = 1 in the command code. The read long command returns the data and the ECC bytes contained in the data field of the desired sector. During a read long, the drive does not check the ECC bytes to decide if there has been any type of data error. Data bytes are 16-bit transfers and ECC bytes are 8-bit transfers. Four ECC bytes are transfers. Write Sectors - 001100LR (30h Normal Write) Class 2 This command writes 1 to 256 sectors as specified in the Task File. The command begins at the specified sector. The long bit L = 0 for a normal write. Sector count equal to 0 requests 256 sectors. When the command register writes, the drive waits for the Host to set the sector buffer with the data to be written. No �nterrupt generates to start the first buffer fill operation. Once the buffer is full, the drive sets BSY and begins command execution. If bits 2 and 3 are on, the command ends with an aborted command. If incorrect task file parameters pass, an ID not found error returns. If the drive is not already on the desired track, it performs an implied seek. Once at the desired track, the drive begins searching for the proper ID field. If the ID reads correctly, the data loaded in the buffer writes to the data field of the sector, followed by the ECC bytes. When the command completes, the Task File registers contain information on the cylinder, head, and sector number of the last sector read. After successful execution of this command, the sector count is zero. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.10 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Write Sectors - 001100LR (30h Normal Write) Class 2 Multiple sector writes set DRQ and generate an interrupt each time the sector buffer is ready. DRQ resets and BSY sets immediately when the Host fills the sector buffer. If an error occurs during a multiple sector write, it ends at the sector where the error occurs. The Task File shows the location of the sector where the error occurred. The Host may then read the Task File to find what error has occurred. The Host then reads the sector that caused the error. When write is error free, the cylinder, head, and sector registers update to point at the next sequential sector. A write long executes by setting the long bit L = 1 in the command code. The write long command writes the data and the ECC bytes directly from the sector buffer. The drive does not generate the ECC bytes itself for the write long command. Data byte transfers are 16-bit and ECC bytes are 8-bit transfers. Four bytes transfer for ECC. The Task File registers contains the cylinder, head, and sector number of the last sector read, When the command completes. After successful execution of this command, the sector count is zero. Multiple sector writes set DRQ and generate an interrupt each time the sector buffer is ready to fill. DRQ resets and BSY sets immediately when the Host fills the sector buffer. If an error occurs during a multiple sector write, it ends at the sector where the error occurs. The Task File shows the location of the sector where the error occurred. The Host may then read the Task File to find what error has occurred what sector caused the error. The cylinder, head, and sector registers update to point at the next sequential sector, if there are no errors. Setting the long bit L = 1 in the command code executes a write long. The write long command writes the data and the ECC bytes directly from the sector buffer. The drive does not generate the ECC bytes itself for the write long command. Data byte transfers are 16-bit and ECC bytes are 8-bit transfers. Four bytes must transfer for ECC. Read Verify Sectors -0100000R (40h Normal) Class 1 This command works the same as the Read Sectors command except that no data transfers and the DRQ bit never sets. When the Host issues this command, up to 256 sectors read into the sector buffer. ECC bytes beginning at the location specified by the Task File. After each sector, the Task File updates, but no data request or interrupt sets to show that the sector validated. When all sectors verify, an interrupt generates to show that all sectors have transferred. A value of 00 in the sector count register shows that 256 sectors will verify. Format Track - 01010000 (50h) Class 2 The Command block contains the track address. The Sector Count register contains the number of sectors. The drive sets the DRQ bit and waits for the host to fill the sector buffer, when the drive accepts a command. When the sector buffer is full, the drive clears DRQ, sets BSY, and begins to execute the command. If any bits 0-3 are 1, an aborted command sets. If the drive is not already on the desired track, an implied seek executes. The drive clears BSY at the completion of the track and generates an interrupt. During the Format Track command, zeros write to the user data field bytes. See Figure 2-9. The Format Track command will not change the sector headers. The factory writes the sector headers. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.11 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Seek - 0111XXXX (7Xh) Class 1 This command initiates a seek to the track and selects the head specified for a seek to execute properly. When the Host issued the command, the drive sets BSY in the Status register. The drive then initiates the seek, clears BSY, and generates an interrupt. Only the Cylinder register is valid for this command. The drive does not wait for the seek to complete before returning the interrupt. Seek complete sets upon completion of the command. If the Host issues a new command to a drive while a seek executes, the drive holds with BSY active for the seek to complete before executing the new command. The Task File will not check the validity of the sector number or head value. The seek will not execute, if the cylinder value is incorrect. The seek complete sets and the error bit unset. Execute Drive Diagnostic -10010000 (90h) Class 1 This command executes the internal diagnostic tests implemented by the drive. The diagnostic tests only execute upon the receipt of the command. Drive BSY sets immediately upon receipt of the command. If the drive is a master with Jumper block pins pair master jumpered, the drive performs the diagnostic tests and saves the results. Then it checks to see if a slave drive is present. The master then waits for 5 seconds for the slave to complete its diagnostics. If the slave completes the diagnostics successfully, it asserts -HOST PDIAG. If unsuccessful, it sets its error register as described below. The master drive resets BSY and generates an interrupt. The value in the error register is a unique 8-bit code. The error register, then, is not the single bit flags defined before. The interface registers set to initial values except the error register. The following table explains the codes in the error register. Table 3-4 Drive Diagnostic Error Register Codes Error Code Description 01 No error detected 03 Sector buffer error 8X Slave drive failed If the slave drive fails diagnostics, the master drive will "OR" 80 hex with its own status and load that code into the error register. If the slave drive passes diagnostics, or there is no slave drive present, the master drive will reset bit 7 of the Error register to zero in the Task File. Initialize Drive Parameters -10010001 (91h) Class 1 This command enables the host to set the head switch and cylinder increment points for multiple sector operations. In the universal translate mode, the logical head, sector numbers, and cylinder number in the Task File translate to their native physical values as part of the execution of the command. This command will not test validity of the sector, head, and cylinder values. If they are not valid, errors will not report until an illegal access by other commands. Cylinder and head increments on subsequent commands occur after accessing the maximum sector and maximum head specified by this command. At power up, the drive defaults to the universal translate. When receiving this command, the drive sets BSY. The drive saves the parameters, resets BSY, and generates an interrupt. To specify the maximum number of heads, write 1 less than the maximum number of heads. For example, write 5 for a 6 head drive. To specify the maximum number of sectors, specify the actual number of sectors. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.12 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Initialize Drive Parameters -10010001 (91h) Class 1 The standard drive type most compatible with the KL3100 is the custom type (type 47 or 47 in most system BIOS's). The parameters are 512 bytes/sector, 35 sectors/track, 6 heads (0-6), 979 cylinders (0-978), and 105.2 megabytes formatted capacity. See Chapter 5 and Appendix A for more details. Power Commands The KL3100 does not support user programmable power commands. The drive automatically functions at normal power levels when busy, and at idle power levels when not busy. Read Sector Buffer -11100100 (E4h) Class 1 This read buffer command allows the Host to read the current contents of the drive sector buffer. Only the Command register is valid for this command. When the Host issues this command, the drive sets BSY. The drive sets up the sector buffer for a read operation, sets DRQ, clears BSY, and generates an interrupt. The Host may then read up to 512 bytes of data from the buffer. Write Sector Buffer -11101000 (E9h) Class 2 The write buffer command allows the Host to override the contents of the drive sector buffer with any data pattern desired. Only the Command register is valid for this command. When the Host issues this command, the drive hardware sets BSY within 400 ns, sets up the sector buffer for a write operation, sets DRQ, and clears BSY. The Host may then write up to 512 bytes of data to the buffer. Identify Drive -11101100 (ECh) Class 1 This command allows the Host to receive parameter information from the drive. When the Host issues this command, the drive sets BSY. The drive stores the required parameter information in the sector buffer, sets the DRQ bit, and generates an interrupt. The Host may then read the information out of the sector buffer. Table 3-5 shows the actual KL3100 parameter words in the buffer. All numbers are in hexadecimal format, right adjusted. All reserved bits or words are zeros. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.13 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Table 3-5 Identify Drive Information Word Value, hex Description Word 00 0A5C A constant 0A5C Word 01 029E Number of fixed cylinders Word 02 0000 Number of removable cylinders Word 03 0004 Number of heads Word 04 413D Number of unformatted bytes per physical track Word 05 0238 Number of unformatted bytes per sector Word 06 001F Number of physical sectors/track Word 07 000E Number of bytes in the inter-sector gaps Word 08 000C Number of bytes in the sync fields Word 09 0000 0000 Word 10-19 534E203030303030 Serial Number 3030303030303030 "SN 00000000000000000" 30303030 Word 20 0002 Controller type Word 21 0010 Controller buffer size in 512 byte increments Word 22 0004 Number of ECC bytes passed on read/write long commands Word 23-26 5245562020342E31 Controller firmware revision "REV X.X" Word 27-46 4D4F44454C204E55 Model Number 4D42455220202020 "KALOK KL-3100" 2020202020202020 2020202020202020 20204B4C33313030 Word 47 0000 Number of sectors/interrupt; 0=does not support >1. Word 48 0000 Double word transfer flag; 0=not capable, 1=capable. Word 49 0000 Assign Alternate; 0=not capable, 1=capable. Word 50-255 0000 Reserved Command Error Reporting Command errors report in the Error and Status Registers. Table 3-6 defines the valid errors for each command. Table 3-6 Command Errors and Register Contents Error Register Status Register Command Name BBK UNC IDNF ABRT TK0 AMNF DRDY CORR ERR Recalibrate - - - V V - V - V Read Sector(s) V V V V - V V V V Write Sector(s) V - V V - - V - V Read Verify Sector(s) V V V V - V V V V Format track - - V V - - V - V Seek - - V V - - V - V Exec Drive Diagnostic See Section 3.4.8 Initialize Drive Params - - - - - - V - - Read Sector Buffer - - - V - - V - V Write Sector Buffer - - - V - - V - V Identify Drive - - - V - - V - V Invalid Command Code - - - V - - V - V Notes: V=Errors are valid on this command TK0=Track zero not found BBK=Bad block detected AMNF=Data address mark not found UNC=Uncorrectable data error DRDY=Disk drive not ready detected IDNF=Requested ID not found CORR=Correctable data error ABRT=Aborted command error ERR=Error bit in the Status register C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.14 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Reset The Reset condition allows the drive to initialize. A Reset condition is hardware or software generated. There are two types of hardware resets. One hardware reset is from the Host via the interface -HOST RESET line. The other hardware reset is from the drive power sense circuitry. These signals set high when both the system and the drive acknowledge the correct power. After a hardware reset, Drive 0 waits for Drive 1 to assert -HOST SLV/ACT. Drive 0 waits for the Host to assert -HOST PDIAG, if Drive 1 asserts -HOST SLV/ACT. If operational, Drive 1 clears BSY and asserts -HOST PDIAG. Drive 0 then clears BSY. The third reset is software generated. The Host can write to the Digital output register and set the Software Reset (SRST) bit; see Section 3.3.12. This Host software reset condition remains until the Software Reset bit is written to zero. When the drive resets by SRST, it sets BSY=1 in the Status register. After completion of reset, the drive is busy (BSY signal active). The drive then performs the necessary hardware initialization. It clears any existing programmed drive parameters and reverts to defaults. In addition, it loads the Command Block registers with their initial values and clears BSY. When initialization completes, there is no interrupt. Shown below are the initial Command Block register values (hex). Table 3-7 Initial Command Block Values After Reset Error Register 01 Sector Count 01 Sector Number 01 Cylinder Low 00 Cylinder High 00 Drive/Head Register 00 Following a reset, the Host should issue an Initialize Drive Parameters command. This insures proper drive initialization. Busy Operation The Busy (BSY) bit in the Status register can be set using different methods as described below. BSY can be set using the RESET method as described in section 3.6, or by issuing a command from the Host. For a non-write type command, the Status register sets BSY on the Host write of the Command register. The drive prepares the data to return to the Host. The drive sets the Status register not BSY to allow the Host to have access to the data requested. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.15 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Busy Operation On a write-type command, the Host issues the command, interface line -HOST IOCS16 enables, and the Data Request bit (DRQ) in the Status register sets. BSY will not set until the data to be written transfers into the RAM buffer. BSY sets, on the condition of the buffer becoming full, in a write command. Write-type commands include Write Sector(s), Format, and Write Sector Buffer. The drive microprocessor can set or reset the BSY bit. This is the only way to clear the BSY bit. The drive has read/write access to the Task File registers. The Host can only read the Status register and Alternate Status register of the Task File. If the Host tries to read the Task File register while BSY is active, it will cause it to read the Status register. Conversely, when BSY is inactive, the Host has read and write access to the Task File registers. Data Error Recovery and Retry During a read operation, when the drive detects an ECC error in the data field, the drive uses the retry algorithm shown below. Step 1: read retry Step 2: read retry Step 3: read retry Step 4: apply ECC to step 3 Header Retry Algorithm If the drive detects an error, while reading the header field, the drive retries for 7 read retry attempts, before a header error returns to the Host. The total time for retries is 0.1 seconds for a hard error in the header field. The Host cannot disable header retries. The header retry count cannot change. Command Protocols According to the protocols followed for command execution, Commands may group into different classes. Shown below is the definition of the command classes with their associated protocols. For all commands, the Host first checks if BSY=1, and should proceed no further till BSY=0. For most commands, the Host will wait for DRDY=1 before proceeding. Those commands shown with DRDY=X (don't care) can execute when DRDY=0. Programmed I/O Data In Commands This class includes: Identify drive, Read Buffer, Read Sector(s). Execution includes the transfer of one or more 512 byte (516 bytes if bit 0=1 for long transfers) blocks of data from the drive to the Host. 1. The Host writes any required parameters to the Sector count, Sector number, cylinder and SDH registers. 2. The Host writes the command code to the Command register. 3. The drive sets BSY=1 and prepares for data transfer. 4. When a block of data is available, the drive sets the DRQ bit=1, clears the BSY bit, and asserts the +HOST IRQ14 line. 5. The Host reads the Status register, then reads one block of data via the Data register. In response to reading the Status register, the drive will negate +HOST IRQ14. 6. The drive clears DRQ. If the Host wants to transfer another block, the drive also sets BSY and the above sequence repeats from 4. If the drive has an error, the drive prepares to transfer 512 bytes. It is at the discretion of the host whether to accept the data. C h a p t e r 3 Task File Interface Commands and Registers 3.16 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Programmed I/O Data Out Commands This class includes: Format, Write Buffer, Write Sector(s). Execution includes the transfer of one or more 512 byte (516 bytes if Bit 0=1 for Long transfers) blocks of data from the drive to the Host. 1. The Host writes any required parameters to the Sector count, Sector number, cylinder and SDH registers. 2. The Host writes the command code to the Command register. 3. The drive sets the DRQ bit when it is ready to accept the first block of data. 4. The Host writes one block of data via the Data register. 5. The drive clears DRQ and sets BSY. 6. When the drive has completed processing of the data block, it clears BSY and asserts +HOST IRQ14. If the transfer requires another block, the drive sets DRQ. 7. The Host reads the Status register. 8. The drive clears +HOST IRQ14. 9. If the transfer requires another block, the above sequence repeats from 4. Non Data Commands This class includes: Execute Drive Diagnostic (DRDY=X), Initialize Drive Parameters (DRDY=X), Read Verify Sector(s), Recalibrate, and Seek. Execution of these commands involves no data transfer. 1. The Host writes any required parameters to the Sector count, Sector number, cylinder and DH registers. 2. The Host writes the command code to the Command register. 3. The drive sets BSY=1. 4. When the drive has completed processing, it clears BSY and asserts +HOST IRQ14. 5. The Host reads the Status register. 6. The drive negates +HOST IRQ14. Timing Deskewing The Host shall provide cable deskewing for all signals originating from the drive. The drive provides deskewing for all signals originating at the Host. Timing Requirements Signals shown below are, with polarity as defined in the interface table. Figures 3-2 and 3-3 show the timing requirements for address, data, and command signals for the Kalok KL3100. (unable to download these figures) C H A P T E R 4 Packing Information 4.1 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� PACKING INFORMATION Keep the packing material for shipping the drive to Kalok Corporation or its authorized service center for repairs. You may package the drive in comparable packing material to avoid shipping and handling problems. Damage to the drive because of inadequate packing can void its warranty. �袴袴袴袴袴袴� �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� Warning: 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 튦he KL3100 has shipping tape installed. Remove the shipping tape � 튯efore testing or installation. � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� C h a p t e r 5 Drive Installation 5.1 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Drive and Host Adapter Installation This chapter provides configuration and installation instructions for the Kalok KL3100/AT hard disk drive. Before installing the hard disk, you must first disconnect your AT computer system from AC power outlets. Remove the cover to the AT computer system. Refer to the AT system manual for detailed instructions. Figures 5-1 through 5-3 illustrate the parts that apply to a KL3100 disk drive installation. Required Disk Subsystem Parts 1. Kalok KL3100/AT hard disk drive P/N 73003-001 2. Kalok 5.25" mounting brackets P/N 83003-001 (black) and faceplate (1) P/N 83003-002 (grey) 3. Kalok 3.5" faceplate (1) P/N 83001-001 (black) P/N 83001-001 (grey) 4. 40-pin AT/IDE hard disk cable Supplied with the Host adapter 5. 34-pin floppy disk drive cable Supplied with the Host adapter 6. Not supplied with Kalok mounting kits, are four standard 6-32 screws. The KL3100 needs the 6-32 screws to mount the drive. The drive mounts with the threaded holes on the bottom or sides. If needed, the AT-style side- mount rails attach to the Kalok 5.25" mounting brackets. Select screw lengths that limit screw penetration into the mounting brackets to 0.13 inches (3.3 mm) max. Notes: 1. In many new AT system cases, 3.5" internal mounting options are available. Some AT case designs, need AT-style side-mount rails. 2. Embedded AT/IDE systems don't need the PC/AT host adapters. Non-embedded AT/IDE systems need a host adapter. Required Host adapter formatting/Partitioning Software 1. To format and partition the disk, you need a bootable DOS diskette version 3.31 or higher. You also need the DOS utilities FDISK and FORMAT programs, in the same DOS version. 2. To Format and partition for DOS versions 3.30 and lower, you need a bootable DOS diskette and formatting software such as ONTRACK Disk Manager. Any reliable partitioning/formatting software will enable you to install a drive with over 32 Mbyte formatted capacity. Handling All hard disk drives are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD). The new intelligent drives with embedded controllers that make extensive use of surface mount technology and LSI circuitry are more sensitive. One should never touch the delicate parts on the KL3100 drive or host adapter printed circuit boards. Handle the host adapter by the ends of the board or by the mounting bracket. Never touch the gold plated card edge connectors that plug into the AT bus system. Handle the hard disk drive by the drive casing or mounting brackets. Improper handling can permanently damage sensitive parts and may void the warranty. �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴WARNING袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲 튣EMOVE THE YELLOW SHIPPING TAPE FROM THE DRIVE BEFORE YOU APPLY POWER.� 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 C h a p t e r 5 Drive Installation 5.2 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Host Adapter Configuration The PC/AT host adapters integrate AT compatible computer systems with AT/IDE interface hard disk drives. The host adapters require a 16-bit slot in the PC/AT or compatible system. The adapter board buffers the drive from the Host and does the address decoding. The adapter board decodes the Host I/O addresses 1F0 � 1F7 and 3F6 � 3F7. The disk drive uses these addresses in the AT BIOS. The floppy disk drive also responds to address 3F7, bit 7. The drive does not send Bit 7. The host adapters are not compatible with ST506/412, ESDI, or SCSI interface hard disk drives. Most host adapters are not compatible with 8-bit bus XT computer systems. Figure 5-1 shows the host adapter. A host adapter can interface up to two AT/IDE hard disk drives. The host adapter also controls up to two floppy disk drives. Support of the Floppy combinations must be in the system BIOS. The combinations are 3.5" (720 KB or 1.44 MB), or 5.25" (362KB or 1.2 MB). There are two ways to support more than two floppy drives, on line in your system. You must use another floppy disk controller card with on-board BIOS, or a special software driver. To enable the Host adapter to function in the AT system, which already has an ST506/412 hard disk controller installed, the system needs a software driver. The controller and host adapter should be at different base addresses. The software driver addresses the alternate base address. The DOS operating system is limited to two hard drives. The software driver allows expansion beyond this limitation. The following jumper settings for a PC/AT host adapters will work for the most AT installations. Check these jumpers before continuing with the installation. Jumper Setting IRQ DIR (IRQ14 not buffered) HDSK ENA (set to ENA) ADR1 1Host adapter X (hard disk I/O set to primary address) ADR3 3Host adapter X (floppy disk I/O set to primary address) IOCHRDY I/O Channel Ready tied to CN1 Pin 27 Master/Slave Daisy-Chain Configurations The KL3100 disk drive ships with one jumper installed in the jumper block header. The jumper is across the top outside pins. This jumper selects a single drive installation. The single drive is Drive 0 (Fixed disk 1 in the system BIOS setup or C:). For a single AT/IDE hard disk drive installation, leave the jumper in the header across these pins. All jumpers removed also works for a single drive installation. For a dual drive daisy-chain installation, the master drive is Drive 0 (fixed disk 1 in BIOS setup or C:). The master drive must have pin pair Master of the jumper block header jumpered. The slave drive is Drive 1 (fixed disk 2 in BIOS setup or D:). The slave must have pin pair Slave of jumper block jumpered. Install no other jumpers in jumper block on the KL3100 disk drive. There should be only one jumper installed per drive. Some mixed vendor master/slave dual drive configurations may not be compatible. Please call Kalok the Technical Support bulletin board at (408)734-4258 if you have any questions. The label on top of the drive and Figure 5-2, shown the Host adapter Jumper configuration. C h a p t e r 5 Drive Installation 5.3 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Cabling and Hardware Installation Unplug the system from AC outlets and remove system cover. 1. Systems with AT/IDE circuitry on the motherboard Motherboards with an embedded AT/IDE interface cannot use a Host adapter board. Follow the system manual for correct cabling and power connection to the disk drive. You must attach the 40-pin hard disk cable correctly to the 40-pin connector on the system motherboard. Pin 1 (red stripe) of the cable must match pin 1 of the 40-pin motherboard connector. Pin 1 of the disk drive J1 connector must match pin 1 of the cable. See Host adapter figure 5-3. Make sure that you insert a power connector from the computer system's power supply. Plug it into the power receptacle at the rear of the KL3100 disk drive. 2. Hard disk Systems needing a PC/AT host adapters Install the Host adapter in any available 16-bit slot in the computer system. Attach one end of the 40-pin hard disk drive cable to the 40-pin connector on the Host adapter. See Host adapter Figures 5-1, 5-2, and 5-3. Make sure pin 1 (red stripe) of the cable matches pin 1 of the 40-pin connector. Insert either of the two hard disk drive connectors at the other end of the 40-pin cable into the 40-pin connector on the PC board at the rear of the disk drive. Make sure pin 1 (red stripe) of the cable matches pin 1 of the 40-pin connector. The cable inserts only one way, see the cable key for the disk drive. Insert an available power connector from the computer system's power supply into the power receptacle at the rear of the KL3100 disk drive. Attach the 3.5" face plate or the 5.25" mounting hardware and face plate to the KL3100 disk drive. Install the drive in an available 3.5" or 5.25" mounting bay. For daisy-chain installations, make sure that both hard disk drives connect to the 40-pin cable. The physical placement of Master or Slave does not matter. Master or slave can attach to either available hard disk connector. The drive are selected by the Master and Slave jumpers on the jumper block. Be sure that both hard disk drives connected to available power connectors from the computer system's power supply. 3. Floppy Drive installation Attach the cable mount socket of the 34-pin floppy cable to the 34-pin connector on the Host adapter. Make sure that pin 1 (red stripe) of the cable connector matches pin 1 of the Host adapter 34-pin connector. Follow the floppy drive instructions for setting the terminating resistors and jumpers on the floppy drive. Floppy drive A attaches to the end of the cable with the twisted conductors. Floppy drive B attaches to the connector at the middle of the cable without the twist in the conductors. Plug the card edge cable connectors into the floppy drives. Decide the proper pin 1 orientations. Be sure that available power connectors from the computer system's power supply insert in the Drive power receptacles. 4. Other connectors on the PC/AT host adapters Most host adapters have a LED header to show hard disk drive activity. Connect the cable from the front panel LEDs of the computer system to the host adapter LED header. See your host adapter installation instructions for the connection. J7 of the KL3100 can also be connected to the led on the front panel. C h a p t e r 5 Drive Installation 5.4 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Formatting the KL3100/AT The KL3100 is factory low level formated. The bad sectors are mapped. Users do not need to low level format the KL3100. If you run a low level format program, the drive will not format. The drive will end any format with the data area clear. To DOS high level format follow the next process. The FORMAT utilities of DOS versions 3.31 or higher will enable you to partition and use the full 105 megabyte formatted capacity of the KL3100. If you have DOS versions 3.30 or lower, you should use Disk Manager, or some reliable partitioning/formatting software. �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴WARNING袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲 튣EMOVE THE YELLOW SHIPPING TAPE FROM THE DRIVE BEFORE YOU APPLY POWER.� 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 DOS HIGH LEVEL FORMAT 1. Boot the DOS operating system from a floppy disk drive. Enter SETUP mode (refer to your AT system manual and your DOS manual). Drive types will vary in AT BIOS's. You should check your computer system documentation, to make sure that, you set up the Kalok KL3100 drive type correctly as a 105MB drive type. See Appendix A for AT BIOS's. Set up your system CMOS TYPE for the correct hard disk drive. Most system setup programs have a custom parameter option. The type is type 47 or 48 in most system setup BIOS. The parameters for custom setup are: 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿏rive Geometry 쿎ylinders 쿓eads � Sectors per track � 쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴탠컴컴컴컴컴탠컴컴컴탠컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿎ustom type � 979 � 6 � 35 � 쳐컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴탠컴컴컴컴컴좔컴컴컴좔컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 쿢niversal Translation쿗argest possible type not exceeding 105MB� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴좔컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� If the system CMOS setup will not support a custom TYPE, you select the largest TYPE in the CMOS setup that is available. The type selected must not be larger that 105 MB. Drive type 45 is the most common. The parameters for drive type 45 are: 776 cylinder, 8 heads, and 33 sector per track. The drive uses Universal translation to size the drive for the system. 2. Reboot the DOS operating system from a floppy disk drive. Alway use the same FDISK and FORMAT programs, that come with the DOS version of operating system you are using. To high level format Drive 1, the C: drive, Run FDISK to partition the drive. After reboot, run FORMAT C:/S to format the C: drive 1 and make it a bootable drive. After completing format, the drive is ready to copy the rest of DOS and your application programs 3. For a duel drive installation or for drive 2 (D:), repeat the process. Select the TYPE for Drive 2. Select the second drive when you run FDISK to partition Drive 2(D:). High level format the drive. The DOS command is FORMAT D:. Install the Master/Slave jumpers correctly. Follow the diagram on the top of the disk drive. Jumper pin pairs Master for the Master drive 1(C:). Jumper pin pair Slave for drive 2 (D:). If you are installing a drive other that a Kalok KL3100 in a daisy-chain configuration. You need to refer to the drive manual and select a compatible BIOS drive type before installation. Follow the instructions detailed in your DOS manual for proper use of the FDISK and FORMAT utilities. Follow the instructions in your ONTRACK manual for proper use of Disk Manager. C h a p t e r 5 Drive Installation 5.5 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 旼컴컴컴횾횮횭oard컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 읕컴쩡컴컴컴컴컴컴컴쩡컴컫컴컴컫컴쩡컴컴쩡컴컴 � o o o o o � 읒좋좋� 읒좋좋� � S M S R � COMPONENET SIDE � L A / � OF THE PC BOARD � A S T T � 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � V T � 쿞T and R/T are used for tests � AS SHIPPED FROM � E E � 쿭uring manufacturing and test.� THE FACTORY 넬컴컴커R � 쿟hese jumpers should not � SINGLE DRIVE컴컴>납o o 쿽 o o � 쿫e installed. � 읕컴컵컴탠컴컴컴� 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 SLAVE컴컴컴� 읕컴횺ASTER Jumper Block Configuration Figure 5-1 KL3100 drive jumpering. Cabling for Multiple Drives AT/IDE 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�40 PIN CABLE 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � AT/IDE 쳐컴컴컴커 J2 튙umper block=Master� � HOST ADAPTER � � 旼컴컴� � � 悶 旼컴컴컴켸 � � J1 쿘ASTER C: � 읒좋牡좋좋줄 쳐캤컴컴캑KL3100 DRIVE 0 � 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � POWER SUPPLY 쳐컴컴컴캤컴� � 쳐컴컴컴캤커 旼컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � +12 & +5 VOLTS DC � � � J2 튙umper block=Slave� � � � 읕컴컴캑 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � J1 쿞LAVE D: � 읕컴컴컴캑KL3100 DRIVE 1 � 읕컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 Figure 5-2 KL3100 Cable connection C h a p t e r 5 Drive Installation 5.6 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� (UNABLE TO DOWNLOAD THIS FIGURE) Figure 5-3 KL3100 Mounting Brackets and Bezels